Table of Contents

16 HTTP-ügynök
- Áttekintés
- Configuration
- Példák
  - 1. példa
  - Example 2
  - 3. példa
  - Example 4
  - Example 5

16 HTTP-ügynök

Áttekintés

Ez az elemtípus lehetővé teszi az adatlekérdezést a HTTP/HTTPS protokoll használatával. A csapdázás a Zabbix küldő vagy a Zabbix küldő protokoll használatával is lehetséges.

A HTTP-elemellenőrzést a Zabbix szerver hajtja végre. Amikor azonban a házigazdák Zabbix proxy figyeli, a HTTP-elemek ellenőrzését a proxy hajtja végre.

A HTTP-elemek ellenőrzéséhez nincs szükség gazdalényen futó ügynökre figyelik.

A HTTP-ügynök támogatja a HTTP-t és a HTTPS-t is. Zabbix opcionálisan követi átirányítások (lásd lent az Átirányítások követése opciót). Maximális számú Az átirányítások 10-re vannak kódolva (a cURL opcióval: CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS).

Lásd még ismert problémák HTTPS protokoll használata esetén.

A Zabbix szervert/proxyt kezdetben konfigurálni kell cURL (libcurl) támogatással.

Configuration

To configure an HTTP item:

Go to: Configuration → Hosts
Click on Items in the row of the host
Click on Create item
Enter parameters of the item in the form

All mandatory input fields are marked with a red asterisk.

The fields that require specific information for HTTP items are:

Parameter	Description
Type	Select HTTP agent here.
Key	Enter a unique item key.
URL	URL to connect to and retrieve data. For example: https://www.example.com http://www.example.com/download Domain names can be specified in Unicode characters. They are automatically punycode-converted to ASCII when executing the HTTP check. The Parse button can be used to separate optional query fields (like ?name=Admin&password=mypassword) from the URL, moving the attributes and values into Query fields for automatic URL-encoding. Limited to 2048 characters. Supported macros: {HOST.IP}, {HOST.CONN}, {HOST.DNS}, {HOST.HOST}, {HOST.NAME}, {ITEM.ID}, {ITEM.KEY}, {ITEM.KEY.ORIG}, user macros, low-level discovery macros. This sets the CURLOPT_URL cURL option.
Query fields	Variables for the URL (see above). Specified as attribute and value pairs. Values are URL-encoded automatically. Values from macros are resolved and then URL-encoded automatically. Supported macros: {HOST.IP}, {HOST.CONN}, {HOST.DNS}, {HOST.HOST}, {HOST.NAME}, {ITEM.ID}, {ITEM.KEY}, {ITEM.KEY.ORIG}, user macros, low-level discovery macros. This sets the CURLOPT_URL cURL option.
Request type	Select request method type: GET, POST, PUT or HEAD
Timeout	Zabbix will not spend more than the set amount of time on processing the URL (1-60 seconds). Actually this parameter defines the maximum time for making a connection to the URL and maximum time for performing an HTTP request. Therefore, Zabbix will not spend more than 2 x Timeout seconds on one check. Time suffixes are supported, e.g. 30s, 1m. Supported macros: user macros, low-level discovery macros. This sets the CURLOPT_TIMEOUT cURL option.
Request body type	Select the request body type: Raw data - custom HTTP request body, macros are substituted but no encoding is performed JSON data - HTTP request body in JSON format. Macros can be used as string, number, true and false; macros used as strings must be enclosed in double quotes. Values from macros are resolved and then escaped automatically. If "Content-Type" is not specified in headers then it will default to "Content-Type: application/json" XML data - HTTP request body in XML format. Macros can be used as a text node, attribute or CDATA section. Values from macros are resolved and then escaped automatically in a text node and attribute. If "Content-Type" is not specified in headers then it will default to "Content-Type: application/xml" Note that selecting XML data requires libxml2.
Request body	Enter the request body. Supported macros: {HOST.IP}, {HOST.CONN}, {HOST.DNS}, {HOST.HOST}, {HOST.NAME}, {ITEM.ID}, {ITEM.KEY}, {ITEM.KEY.ORIG}, user macros, low-level discovery macros.
Headers	Custom HTTP headers that will be sent when performing a request. Specified as attribute and value pairs. Supported macros: {HOST.IP}, {HOST.CONN}, {HOST.DNS}, {HOST.HOST}, {HOST.NAME}, {ITEM.ID}, {ITEM.KEY}, {ITEM.KEY.ORIG}, user macros, low-level discovery macros. This sets the CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER cURL option.
Required status codes	List of expected HTTP status codes. If Zabbix gets a code which is not in the list, the item will become unsupported. If empty, no check is performed. For example: 200,201,210-299 Supported macros in the list: user macros, low-level discovery macros. This uses the CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE cURL option.
Follow redirects	Mark the checkbox to follow HTTP redirects. This sets the CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION cURL option.
Retrieve mode	Select the part of response that must be retrieved: Body - body only Headers - headers only Body and headers - body and headers
Convert to JSON	Headers are saved as attribute and value pairs under the "header" key. If 'Content-Type: application/json' is encountered then body is saved as an object, otherwise it is stored as string, for example:
HTTP proxy	You can specify an HTTP proxy to use, using the format `[protocol://][username[:password]@]proxy.example.com[:port]`. The optional `protocol://` prefix may be used to specify alternative proxy protocols (e.g. https, socks4, socks5; see documentation; the protocol prefix support was added in cURL 7.21.7). With no protocol specified, the proxy will be treated as an HTTP proxy. If you specify the wrong protocol, the connection will fail and the item will become unsupported. By default, 1080 port will be used. If specified, the proxy will overwrite proxy related environment variables like http_proxy, HTTPS_PROXY. If not specified, the proxy will not overwrite proxy-related environment variables. The entered value is passed on "as is", no sanity checking takes place. Note that only simple authentication is supported with HTTP proxy. Supported macros: {HOST.IP}, {HOST.CONN}, {HOST.DNS}, {HOST.HOST}, {HOST.NAME}, {ITEM.ID}, {ITEM.KEY}, {ITEM.KEY.ORIG}, user macros, low-level discovery macros. This sets the CURLOPT_PROXY cURL option.
HTTP authentication	Authentication type: None - no authentication used. Basic - basic authentication is used. NTLM - NTLM (Windows NT LAN Manager) authentication is used. Kerberos - Kerberos authentication is used. See also: Configuring Kerberos with Zabbix. Digest - Digest authentication is used. Selecting an authentication method will provide two additional fields for entering a user name and password, where user macros and low-level discovery macros are supported. This sets the CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH cURL option.
SSL verify peer	Mark the checkbox to verify the SSL certificate of the web server. The server certificate will be automatically taken from system-wide certificate authority (CA) location. You can override the location of CA files using Zabbix server or proxy configuration parameter SSLCALocation. This sets the CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER cURL option.
SSL verify host	Mark the checkbox to verify that the Common Name field or the Subject Alternate Name field of the web server certificate matches. This sets the CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST cURL option.
SSL certificate file	Name of the SSL certificate file used for client authentication. The certificate file must be in PEM¹ format. If the certificate file contains also the private key, leave the SSL key file field empty. If the key is encrypted, specify the password in SSL key password field. The directory containing this file is specified by Zabbix server or proxy configuration parameter SSLCertLocation. Supported macros: {HOST.IP}, {HOST.CONN}, {HOST.DNS}, {HOST.HOST}, {HOST.NAME}, {ITEM.ID}, {ITEM.KEY}, {ITEM.KEY.ORIG}, user macros, low-level discovery macros. This sets the CURLOPT_SSLCERT cURL option.
SSL key file	Name of the SSL private key file used for client authentication. The private key file must be in PEM¹ format. The directory containing this file is specified by Zabbix server or proxy configuration parameter SSLKeyLocation. Supported macros: {HOST.IP}, {HOST.CONN}, {HOST.DNS}, {HOST.HOST}, {HOST.NAME}, {ITEM.ID}, {ITEM.KEY}, {ITEM.KEY.ORIG}, user macros, low-level discovery macros. This sets the CURLOPT_SSLKEY cURL option.
SSL key password	SSL private key file password. Supported macros: user macros, low-level discovery macros. This sets the CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD cURL option.
Enable trapping	With this checkbox marked, the item will also function as trapper item and will accept data sent to this item by Zabbix sender or using Zabbix sender protocol.
Allowed hosts	Visible only if Enable trapping checkbox is marked. List of comma delimited IP addresses, optionally in CIDR notation, or hostnames. If specified, incoming connections will be accepted only from the hosts listed here. If IPv6 support is enabled then '127.0.0.1', '::127.0.0.1', '::ffff:127.0.0.1' are treated equally and '::/0' will allow any IPv4 or IPv6 address. '0.0.0.0/0' can be used to allow any IPv4 address. Note, that "IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses" (0000::/96 prefix) are supported but deprecated by RFC4291. Example: Server=127.0.0.1, 192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.3.1-255, 192.168.1-10.1-255, ::1,2001:db8::/32, zabbix.domain Spaces and user macros are allowed in this field. Host macros: {HOST.HOST}, {HOST.NAME}, {HOST.IP}, {HOST.DNS}, {HOST.CONN} are allowed in this field.

If the HTTP proxy field is left empty, another way for using an HTTP proxy is to set proxy-related environment variables.

For HTTP - set the http_proxy environment variable for the Zabbix server user. For example:
http_proxy=http://proxy_ip:proxy_port.

For HTTPS - set the HTTPS_PROXY environment variable. For example:
HTTPS_PROXY=http://proxy_ip:proxy_port. More details are available by running a shell command: # man curl.

[1] Zabbix supports certificate and private key files in PEM format only. In case you have your certificate and private key data in PKCS #12 format file (usually with extension *.p12 or *.pfx) you may generate the PEM file from it using the following commands:

openssl pkcs12 -in ssl-cert.p12 -clcerts -nokeys -out ssl-cert.pem
       openssl pkcs12 -in ssl-cert.p12 -nocerts -nodes  -out ssl-cert.key

Példák

1. példa

Egyszerű GET-kérések küldése adatok lekéréséhez olyan szolgáltatásokból, mint pl Elasztikus keresés:

Hozzon létre egy GET-elemet a következő URL-lel: localhost:9200/?pretty
Figyeld meg a választ:

{
         "name" : "YQ2VAY-",
         "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
         "cluster_uuid" : "kH4CYqh5QfqgeTsjh2F9zg",
         "verzió" : {
           "szám" : "6.1.3",
           "build_hash" : "af51318",
           "build_date" : "2018-01-26T18:22:55.523Z",
           "build_snapshot" : hamis,
           "lucene_version" : "7.1.0",
           "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "5.6.0",
           "minimális_index_kompatibilitási_verzió" : "5.0.0"
         },
         "tagline" : "Tudod, a kereséshez"
       }

Most bontsa ki a verziószámot egy JSONPath előfeldolgozási lépéssel: $.verziószám

Example 2

Send simple POST requests to retrieve data from services such as Elasticsearch:

Create a POST item with URL: http://localhost:9200/str/values/_search?scroll=10s
Configure the following POST body to obtain the processor load (1 min average per core)

{
           "query": {
               "bool": {
                   "must": [{
                       "match": {
                           "itemid": 28275
                       }
                   }],
                   "filter": [{
                       "range": {
                           "clock": {
                               "gt": 1517565836,
                               "lte": 1517566137
                           }
                       }
                   }]
               }
           }
       }

Received:

{
           "_scroll_id": "DnF1ZXJ5VGhlbkZldGNoBQAAAAAAAAAkFllRMlZBWS1UU1pxTmdEeGVwQjRBTFEAAAAAAAAAJRZZUTJWQVktVFNacU5nRHhlcEI0QUxRAAAAAAAAACYWWVEyVkFZLVRTWnFOZ0R4ZXBCNEFMUQAAAAAAAAAnFllRMlZBWS1UU1pxTmdEeGVwQjRBTFEAAAAAAAAAKBZZUTJWQVktVFNacU5nRHhlcEI0QUxR",
           "took": 18,
           "timed_out": false,
           "_shards": {
               "total": 5,
               "successful": 5,
               "skipped": 0,
               "failed": 0
           },
           "hits": {
               "total": 1,
               "max_score": 1.0,
               "hits": [{
                   "_index": "dbl",
                   "_type": "values",
                   "_id": "dqX9VWEBV6sEKSMyk6sw",
                   "_score": 1.0,
                   "_source": {
                       "itemid": 28275,
                       "value": "0.138750",
                       "clock": 1517566136,
                       "ns": 25388713,
                       "ttl": 604800
                   }
               }]
           }
       }

Now use a JSONPath preprocessing step to get the item value: $.hits.hits[0]._source.value

3. példa

Annak ellenőrzése, hogy a Zabbix API életben van-e, használja apiinfo.version.

A tétel konfigurációja:

Vegye figyelembe a POST metódus használatát JSON-adatokkal, a kérésfejlécek beállításával és csak a fejlécek visszaküldését kéri:

Elemérték előfeldolgozása reguláris kifejezéssel a HTTP-kód lekéréséhez:

Az eredmény ellenőrzése a Legfrissebb adatok-ban:

Example 4

Retrieving weather information by connecting to the Openweathermap public service.

Configure a master item for bulk data collection in a single JSON:

Note the usage of macros in query fields. Refer to the Openweathermap API for how to fill them.

Sample JSON returned in response to HTTP agent:

{
           "body": {
               "coord": {
                   "lon": 40.01,
                   "lat": 56.11
               },
               "weather": [{
                   "id": 801,
                   "main": "Clouds",
                   "description": "few clouds",
                   "icon": "02n"
               }],
               "base": "stations",
               "main": {
                   "temp": 15.14,
                   "pressure": 1012.6,
                   "humidity": 66,
                   "temp_min": 15.14,
                   "temp_max": 15.14,
                   "sea_level": 1030.91,
                   "grnd_level": 1012.6
               },
               "wind": {
                   "speed": 1.86,
                   "deg": 246.001
               },
               "clouds": {
                   "all": 20
               },
               "dt": 1526509427,
               "sys": {
                   "message": 0.0035,
                   "country": "RU",
                   "sunrise": 1526432608,
                   "sunset": 1526491828
               },
               "id": 487837,
               "name": "Stavrovo",
               "cod": 200
           }
       }

The next task is to configure dependent items that extract data from the JSON.

Configure a sample dependent item for humidity:

Other weather metrics such as 'Temperature' are added in the same manner.

Sample dependent item value preprocessing with JSONPath:

Check the result of weather data in Latest data:

Example 5

Connecting to Nginx status page and getting its metrics in bulk.

Configure Nginx following the official guide.

Configure a master item for bulk data collection:

Sample Nginx stub status output:

Active connections: 1 Active connections:
       server accepts handled requests
        52 52 52 
       Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0

The next task is to configure dependent items that extract data.

Configure a sample dependent item for requests per second:

Sample dependent item value preprocessing with regular expression server accepts handled requests\s+([0-9]+) ([0-9]+) ([0-9]+):

Check the complete result from stub module in Latest data:

Documentation